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TEXAS AFT LEGISLATIVE HOTLINE--MONDAY, JULY 20,
2009 (copyright 2009 Texas AFT) * U.S. House to
Vote on Education Funding for 2010 This Week * Study Finds
Flaws in "Value-Added" Methodology
U.S. House Vote Ahead on
Education Budget for Next School Year: The federal
education budget for fiscal year 2010 is likely to come up for a
vote in the U.S. House of Representatives later this week.
Judging by committee action on Friday, the House will reject any
proposals to cut base funding for Title I aid to the
economically disadvantaged and for special-education students
receiving services under IDEA (the Individuals with Disabilities
Education Act). The only question is whether we'll see any
increase in base funding for these programs. A
couple of factors make it harder to secure an increase for
fiscal 2010 in particular. First, the 2009 budget bill only
passed a few months ago, belatedly, and it already included a
significant bump upward in funding for both Title I and IDEA.
Second, the huge boost in education funding for Title I and IDEA
under the February stimulus bill, even though temporary, makes
it harder to push through any further increase, at least for the
fiscal year just ahead. Even so, funding for some
programs would go up in fiscal 2010 under the budget proposal to
be voted on this week. For instance, Pell Grants for college
students would get roughly 4 percent more
funding. And some increases would be much bigger.
Funding for grants to states to experiment with various forms of
incentive pay for teachers would more than triple, to $446
million. Funding for charter schools would increase 19 percent,
to $256 million. In each of the latter two cases,
the money could be well or badly spent, depending on what form
those state experiments with incentives and state policies on
the quality of charter schools might take. What's certain is
that the Obama administration has embraced incentive pay and
charter schools as vehicles for education "reform," and the
administration under this proposal would expand the use of both.
(Note: These amounts are in addition to the much larger,
one-time appropriation in the stimulus bill of $5 billion to the
U.S. Secretary of Education for competitive grants he can issue
to reward states for "innovation.")
As the funding bill for education heads for the House floor
later in the week, we expect to hear of any amendments that will
be offered, and we will keep you up to date on what is at
stake. "Value-Added" Methodology:
A new study by a Princeton University economist has bad news for
the boosters of "value-added" methods for determining the
contribution of individual classroom teachers to student
learning. Economist Jesse Rothstein's analysis suggests that
these methods are not only very inexact but also may be
downright misleading. A key issue exposed in Rothstein's study
is bias in the assignment of students to teachers' classrooms.
Value-added calculations assume that students' assignments are
random, but that's not the reality. Rothstein also found that
only a third of the teachers supposedly shown to be highly
effective based on cumulative effects over two years had been
deemed so after year one.
Such high levels of uncertainty about measuring the
year-to-year effectiveness of a particular teacher should give
responsible policy-makers pause before they latch onto the
"value-added" vogue for high-stakes employment decisions. It
would seem that the conclusion of a highly regarded Rand study
five years ago still stands: "The current research base is
insufficient to support the use of VAM (value-added
methodologies) for high-stakes decisions." Rothstein's study can
be found at http://www.princeton.edu/~jrothst/workingpapers/rothstein_VAM.pdf.
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